The Hinckley Fire of 1894

Tamarack Lamb & Wool is located in Mission Creek Township, 1 mile south of the original Mission Creek Sawmill and Village site. (about 5 miles south of Hinckley) Some accounts of the Hinckley Fire claim that burning stump piles and logging slash west of the Mission Creek area was the start of the Hinckley Fire.

Misson Creek Sawmill 1893

Mission Creek Township History

The first white men to explore this general area of Minnesota were probably the French fur traders
Radisson and Groseilliers who are thought to have penetrated as far as Knife Lake in 1660. 

Mission Creek Township, located in the west central part of Pine County, was organized on March 17, 1880,  
and named for the creek running through the township that ended at the Presbyterian Mission and school for the Ojibway 
on the East side of Pokegama Lake. The Mission and School were established in 1836 and presided over by 
Presbyterian Minister Fred Ayer and his wife. Mrs. Ayer was the first woman school teacher in Minnesota 
and the first white woman in what is now Pine County.

As the Ojibway indians were pushed out of the East, they in turn pushed the Dakota Sioux back toward the Mississippi
country. In Eastern Minnesota, the two tribes battled for about 200 years.
On May 24th, 1841 Dakota Indians attacked the Ojibway settlement at the Mission on Pokegama Lake to
"avenge the wrongs of the Ojibway". Two 15 yr old Mission school pupils and one Christian Indian were killed. 
Three others were severely wounded. This attack scared the Ojibway and caused them to avoid the Mission,
and it soon was abandoned.

Mission Creek Village, located in section 10, was known as a sawmill town in the early days. Established on the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad, Mission Creek Village grew around the depot and sawmill. The sawmill at Mission Creek Village was quite a large affair for those days, as it employed about 100 men and had a capacity of 75,000 board feet per day. There were no horses, all the logging operations being done by oxen. Eighty to one hundred oxen were used during the height of operations in the camps. Some of the best ox teamsters in the county were employed here. (Oxen worked better in wet, boggy areas)

Four to six oxen were used to haul an average load of 15 to 16 thousand board feet. It was estimated that a foot of green pine in the log would weigh eighty pounds. An average load consisting of 15,000 feet would therefore weigh 120,000 pounds, more than equal the capacity of a large freight car of today.

Logging with oxen In 1890, Minnesota ranked first in the country in lumber production and by 1893 most all the big pines were gone from the Mission Creek area. An area farmer claimed that it was difficult to walk around the pine stumps, and that he counted an average of four hundred per acre

In 1894, when the Hinckley Fire completely destroyed Mission Creek Village, it was a town of seventy-three residents, mostly Swedish immigrants. It boasted the sawmill, a hotel, general store, blacksmith shop, twenty six homes and a public school. Everything but one house was destroyed. The people in the village that day saved themselves by lying in a potato patch as the fire raged around them.

(above from "Pine County and its memories," by Jim Cordes, p59 )

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During the years from 1891 through 1894 the Weather Bureau in St. Paul reported a steady loss of moisture in central Minnesota.

In the summer of 1894, the temperature averaged 4.2 degrees above normal, and no rain fell in Hinckley and the surrounding areas from May through September 5. Records indicate that Minnesota did not suffer a worse drought until 1976.

The morning of September 1, 1894 came with a clear sky in Hinckley. Later a "gray-white" or "blue-gray" smoke filled the area over the town. Soon the sky darkened and a pale yellowish glow illuminated the countryside. West of Hinckley swamps burned. Folks gave little concern, since fires were very common during this year. Most burned themselves out.

During late morning citizens noticed dense blackness to the south. A light wind blew in hot smoke. The fire chief summoned the fire department members to the southwest corner of town. By 1:30 p.m. the southerly wind increased in speed. At 2:00 p.m. some who sensed a severe fire boarded a St. Paul-Duluth Railroad train headed to St. Paul.

Shortly after, one citizen noticed a coal-black cloud to the south. He began to hear a distant roar. The fire arrived. A strong, hot wind caused half a dozen housed on the west of town to burst into flame. By now the wind actually blew water from fire hoses back into the faces of the fire fighters. The air seemed full of fire. By 3:30 p.m. citizens knew that Hinckley would burn.

Thomas Dunn, the St. Paul-Duluth telegrapher in Hinckley sent the message "Be on your guard! The fire is here; scarcely a mile away and the wind is picking up. Our town is doomed!" The telegrapher, Tommy Dunn sent this last message received in Barnum: "I stayed too long." He ran five or six blocks when fire killed him. According to witnesses the wind carried a huge fireball in the sky above people's heads which struck the depot. During the fire coins melted together (this requires 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit). Nails at the hardware store massed into globs of iron and steel. Railroad engineer Best reported "Buildings seemed to melt rather than burn in the fierce glow."

Many townsfolk burned in the fire. Others, the lucky, escaped by way of the St. Paul-Duluth and Eastern Minnesota trains or in the Gravel Pit which the Eastern Minnesota Railroad had dug for right-of-way fill. Approximately 100 people survived in the three foot deep water of the gravel pit.

The Eastern Minnesota train, made up by coupling two trains then in Hinckley back to Superior, WI. The train began moving about 4:00 to 4:05 p.m. On its way to Superior, the train crossed nineteen burning bridges over the first 14 miles north of Hinckley. The train brakemen examine each bridge for safety before the train passed over. The Kettle River bridge was on fire as the train approached. The bridge watchman estimated the train had five minutes to cross before the bridge fell. The northeast portion of the 1600-foot long, 115-foot high bridge fell shortly after the train crossed. Before the train traveled another 2000 feet the entire structure collapsed. (the above from James Root - http://rhet5662.class.umn.edu/heroes/root.html)

The seventy mile trip to West Superior took seven hours. This train saved 476 to 478 people.

The fire burned an estimated 350,000 acres and 418 people died.

For other accounts of the Hinckley Fire go to the address below:

http://www.minnesotagenealogy.com/hinclkey-fire-history.htm

http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/urban/hinckley/fire.htm

The New York Times articles from Sept 3 - 8 of 1894 are quite interesting:

http://www.macalester.edu/geography/mage/urban/hinckley/nyt.htm

CREDIT: Halvorson, Lewis H., photographer. "Banner load, Blackduck, Minnesota : biggest load of logs ever hauled / by Lewis H. Halvorson." 1909. The Northern Great Plains, 1880-1920: Photographs from the Fred Hultstrand and F.A. Pazandak Photograph Collections, Fred Hultstrand History in Pictures Collection, NDIRS-NDSU, Fargo.


Huge detailed MN logging info and photo site below.

Logging in MN

 

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